Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Page 118 - 132

Populations

Characteristics of population

1.       Three important characteristics of a population are its geographic distribution, density, and growth rate.

2.       Population density is the number of individuals per unit area.

3.       Immigration, the movement of individuals into an area, is another factor that can cause a population to grow Emigration, the movement of individuals out of an area can cause a population to decrease in size.

4.       Exponential growth occurs when the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.

5.       Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, a population will grow exponentially.

6.       As resources become less available, the growth of population slows or stops.

7.       Logistic growth occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.

8.       Ecologists call this number the carrying capacity of the environment for a particular species.

Chapter 5 Lesson 2

9.       In the context of populations, a limiting factor is a factor that causes population growth to decrease.

10.   A limiting factor that depends on population size is called a Density-dependent limiting factor.

11.   Density-dependent limiting factors include competition, predation, paratism, and disease.

12.   The regular of population by predation takes place within a predator-prey relationship. One of the best known mechanisms of population control.

13.   Density-independent limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of the population size.

14.   Unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, and certain human activities— such as damming rivers and clear-cutting forests –are all examples of density-independent limiting factors.

Chapter 5 lesson 3

15.    Like the populations of many other living organisms the size of human population tends to increase with time.

16.   The scientific study of human populations is called demography.

17.   Birthrates, death rates and the age structure of a population help predict why some countries have high growth rates while other countries grow more slowly.

18.   According to this hypothesis these countries have completed the demographic transition a dramatic change in birth and death rates.

19.   Demographers can predict future growth using models called age-structure diagrams or population profiles, which graph the numbers of people in different age groups in the population.

Vocabulary words of this Chapter

1.       Population density

2.       Immigration

3.       Emigration

4.       Exponential growth

5.       Logistic growth

6.       Carrying Capacity

7.       Limiting factor

8.       Density Dependent limiting factor

9.       Predator- prey relationship

10.   Density Independent limiting factor

11.   Demography

12.   Demographic transition

13. Age-structure diagram