Biology Chapter 10 Lessons 1, 2, 3 Page 240 - 252

Chapter 10 Lesson 1

1.      The Larger a cell becomes, the more demands the Cell Places on its DNA. In Addition, the cell has more trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane.

2.      The Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells is called cell division.

Chapter 10 Lesson 2

1.      The first stage division of the cell nucleus is called mitosis.

2.      The second stage, division of the cytoplasm, is called Cytokinesis.

3.      Chromatids one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome.

4.      Centromeres are usually located near the middle of the chromatids, although some lie near the ends.

5.      At one time, biologists described the life of a cell as one cell division after another separated by an “in-between” period of growth called Interphase.

6.      The Cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

7.      During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells, each of which then begins the cycle again.

8.      Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

9.      The first and longest phase of mitosis, prophase, can take as much as 50 to 60 percent of the total time required to complete mitosis.

10.  The Centrioles, two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.

11.  The Centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome that helps to organize the spindle, a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.

12.  The Second phase of mitosis, metaphase, often lasts only a few minutes.

13.  Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis. During anaphase, the centromeres that join the sister chromatids to spilt, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and become individual chromosomes.

14.  Following anaphase is telophase, the fourth and final phase of mitosis.

Chapter 10 – 3

1.      They decided to call this protein cyclin because it seemed to regulate the cell cycle.

2.      Cyclins regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

3.      Cancer, a disorder in which some of the body’s own cells lose the ability to control growth, is one such example.